同位素, 酸、堿, 蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)
(Isotope Data, Acids & Bases, Protein Data)
同位素?cái)?shù)據(jù)
|
同位素 |
釋放的微粒 |
半衰期 |
|
14C |
b |
5,730 years |
|
3H |
b |
12.3 years |
|
125I |
g |
60 days |
|
32P |
b |
14.3 days |
|
33P |
b |
25 days |
|
35S |
b |
87.4 days |
|
1 Ci |
= |
1,000 mCi |
|
1 mCi |
= |
1,000 μCi |
|
1 μCi |
= |
2.2 X 106 disintegrations/minute |
|
1 Becquerel |
= |
1 disintegration/second |
|
1 μCii |
= |
3.7 X 104 Becquerels |
|
1 Becquerel |
= |
2.7 X 10-5 μCi |
酸、堿
|
酸或堿 |
分子式 |
分子量 |
比重 |
質(zhì)量百分比 |
C克分子濃度 |
|
冰醋酸 |
CH3COOH |
60.0 |
1.05 |
99.5 |
17.4 |
|
甲酸 |
HCOOH |
46.0 |
1.20 |
90 |
23.4 |
|
鹽酸 |
HCl |
36.5 |
1.18 |
36 |
11.6 |
|
硝酸 |
HNO3 |
63.0 |
1.42 |
71 |
16.0 |
|
高氯酸 |
HClO4 |
100.5 |
1.67 |
70 |
11.6 |
|
磷酸 |
H3PO4 |
98.0 |
1.70 |
85 |
18.1 |
|
硫酸 |
H2SO4 |
98.1 |
1.84 |
96 |
18.0 |
|
氫氧化氨 |
NH4OH |
35.0 |
0.90 |
28 |
14.8 |
|
氫氧化鉀 |
KOH |
56.1 |
1.52 |
50 |
13.5 |
|
氫氧化鈉 |
NaOH |
40.0 |
1.53 |
50 |
19.1 |
|
β-巰基乙醇 |
HSCH2CH2OH |
78.1 |
1.11 |
100 |
14.3 |
蛋白質(zhì)
菌種: E. coli 或 Salmonella typhimurium?
|
細(xì)胞 |
每個(gè)細(xì)胞 |
每升培養(yǎng)體系（109細(xì)胞/ml） |
|
濕重 |
9.5 X 10-13 g |
0.95 g |
|
干重 |
2.8 X 10-13 g |
0.28 g |
|
總蛋白 |
1.55 X 10-13 g |
0.15 g |
|
體積 |
1.15 μm3 = 1 femtoliter |
? |
|
每個(gè)細(xì)胞中的蛋白濃度: 135 mg/ml | ||
|
1升培養(yǎng)體系（109細(xì)胞/ml）中所產(chǎn)生的目標(biāo)蛋白的理論最大值: | ||
核苷酸的物理特性
(Nucleotide Physical properties)
|
核苷酸 |
分子量 |
最大吸收波長(zhǎng)λ max (pH 7.0) |
在λ max 處的吸光度 |
|
ATP |
507.2 |
259 |
15,400 |
|
CTP |
483.2 |
271 |
9,000 |
|
GTP |
523.2 |
253 |
13,700 |
|
UTP |
484.2 |
262 |
10,000 |
|
dATP |
491.2 |
259 |
15,200 |
|
dCTP |
467.2 |
271 |
9,300 |
|
dGTP |
507.2 |
253 |
13,700 |
|
dTTP |
482.2 |
267 |
9,600 |
核酸數(shù)據(jù)
(Nucleic Acid Data)
一個(gè)DNA堿基對(duì)（鈉鹽）的平均分子量 = 650 道爾頓
1.0 A260 unit ds DNA = 50 μg/ml = 0.15 mM (in nucleotides)
1.0 A260 unit ss DNA = 33 μg/ml = 0.10 mM (in nucleotides)
1.0 A260 unit ss RNA = 40 μg/ml = 0.11 mM (in nucleotides)
雙鏈DNA分子的分子量(道爾頓) = 堿基對(duì)數(shù)目×650
雙鏈DNA分子的末端摩爾數(shù) = 2 ×DNA質(zhì)量（克）/ DNA分子量（道爾頓）
限制性內(nèi)切酶酶切后的DNA末端摩爾數(shù):
a) 環(huán)狀DNA分子: 2 × DNA摩爾數(shù)× 位點(diǎn)數(shù)
b) 線性DNA分子: 2 × DNA摩爾數(shù)×位點(diǎn)數(shù) + 2 × DNA摩爾數(shù)
1 μg 1000 bp DNA = 1.52 pmol = 9.1 × 1011 molecules
1 μg pUC18/19 DNA (2686 bp) = 0.57 pmol = 3.4 × 1011 molecules
1 μg pBR322 DNA (4361 bp) = 0.35 pmol = 2.1 × 1011 molecules
1 μg M13mp18/19 DNA (7249 bp) = 0.21 pmol = 1.3 × 1011 molecules
1 μg λDNA (48502 bp) = 0.03 pmol = 1.8 ×1010 molecules
1 pmol 1000 bp DNA = 0.66 μg
1 pmol pUC18/19 DNA (2686 bp) = 1.77 μg
1 pmol pBR322 DNA (4361 bp) = 2.88 μg
1 pmol M13mp18/19 DNA (7249 bp) = 4.78 μg
1 pmol λDNA (48502 bp) = 32.01 μg
1.0 kb DNA = 333個(gè)氨基酸的編碼量≈ 37,000 道爾頓蛋白質(zhì)
10,000道爾頓蛋白質(zhì)≈270 bp DNA
50,000道爾頓蛋白質(zhì)≈ 1.35 kb DNA