C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 is also known as fusin or CD184 （cluster of differentiation 184）， CXCR4， CD184， D2S201E， FB22， HM89， HSY3RR， LAP3， LCR1， LESTR， NPY3R， NPYR， NPYRL， NPYY3R or WHIM. CXCR-4 is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 （SDF-1 also called CXCL12）， a molecule endowed with potent chemotactic activity for lymphocytes. This receptor is one of several chemokine receptors that HIV isolates can use to infect CD4+ T cells. HIV isolates that use CXCR4 are traditionally known as T-cell tropic isolates. Typically， these viruses are found late in infection. It is unclear as to whether the emergence of CXCR4 using HIV is a consequence or a cause of immunodeficiency.CXCR4 is upregulated during the implantation window in natural and hormone replacement therapy cycles in the endometrium， producing， in presence of a human blastocyst， a surface polarization of the CXCR4 receptors suggesting that this receptor is implicated in the adhesion phase of human implantation. SDF-1 and CXCR4 were believed to be a relatively “monogamous“ ligand-receptor pair （other chemokines tend to use several different chemokine receptors in a fairly “promiscuous“ manner）. Recent evidence demonstrates ubiquitin is also a natural ligand of CXCR4. Chronic exposure to THC increased T lymphocyte CXCR4 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Drugs that block the CXCR4 receptor appear to be capable of “mobilizing“ hematopoietic stem cells into the bloodstream as peripheral blood stem cells.