Doxorubicin Hydrochloride is used in a clinical setting for the treatment of a wide range of cancers, including lymphomas, leukemias, and solid tumors of the breast, pancreas, stomach, bladder, and ovaries.  This drug intercalates into DNA and therefore induces apoptosis by hindering cellular functions like replication and transcription by specifically inhibiting the binding of reverse transcriptase, RNA polymerase and topoisomerase II.  Doxorubicin has some adverse effects for patients including immunosuppressive effects caused by hematologic toxicity. Doxorubicin has also been shown to induce autophagy in a species-specific manner.