浮游植物葉綠素?zé)晒鈨xPHYTO-PAM
產(chǎn)品名稱： 浮游植物葉綠素?zé)晒鈨xPHYTO-PAM
英文名稱：
產(chǎn)品編號： ZQ-WALZ004
產(chǎn)品價格： 0
產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)地： 德國WALZ
品牌商標(biāo)： WALZ
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- 聯(lián)系人 : 沈經(jīng)理
- 地址 : 上海市金沙江路1038號華東師大科技園2幢8樓
- 郵編 : 200062
- 所在區(qū)域 : 上海
- 電話 : 150****7287 點擊查看
- 傳真 : 點擊查看
- 郵箱 : michael.shen@zealquest.com
全球第一款可自動對浮游植物分類的熒光儀
有害藻華（HABs）監(jiān)測/預(yù)警的強大工具
主要功能
1）對自然水體中的藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻自動分類（定性）
2）自動測量水樣中藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻的葉綠素a含量（定量）和總?cè)~綠素a含量
3）一杯自然水樣，同時獲得藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻的光合活性：
??? * 光合效率和光合速率（相對電子傳遞速率）
??? * 快速光曲線并進行擬合
??? * 藻類的潛在最大光合效率（“生長潛能”）
??? * 藻類的光保護能力
??? * 藻類耐受強光的能力
4）用戶可做自己的參考光譜
應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域
??? 主要用于水生生物學(xué)、水域生態(tài)學(xué)、海洋學(xué)、湖沼學(xué)、水質(zhì)預(yù)警、微藻生理學(xué)、微藻抗逆性等領(lǐng)域，對于了解自然水體中藻類種群的動態(tài)變化、水華預(yù)警、野外水體中光合作用的時空變化、校正初級生產(chǎn)力的計算等有較大幫助。
??? 特別適于浮游植物動力學(xué)研究和有害藻華（HABs）的早期預(yù)警。
測量參數(shù)
Fo, Fm, F, Fm', Fv/Fm, Y(II)=ΔF/Fm', ETR, a, Ik, Pm, PAR、藍藻Chla含量、綠藻Chla含量、硅/甲藻Chla含量、總Chla含量等
特點
1) 全世界第一臺可對浮游植物自動分類的調(diào)制葉綠素?zé)晒鈨x
2) 4波長光源：470、520、645和665 nm
3) 對藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻進行分類
4) 可選配室內(nèi)系統(tǒng)（I）、野外系統(tǒng)（II）和測附著藻類/大型藻類的系統(tǒng)（III）
5) 靈敏度高，檢測限為0.1 μg L-1 Chl
6) 專業(yè)PhytoWin操作軟件，數(shù)據(jù)收集、分析和存貯功能強大
7) 用戶可利用培養(yǎng)的微藻做參考光譜，非“黑匣子”
8) 可在野外測量后根據(jù)水體藻類組成利用優(yōu)勢種（一種或多種）的參考光譜校對實驗結(jié)果
利用PHYTO-PAM進行水華預(yù)警的原理
??? 藻類的生長靠光合作用，藻華的爆發(fā)是在特定的環(huán)境條件下（富營養(yǎng)、高光、高溫）由藻類短期快速暴增造成的，這其間藻類必須具備極強的光合作用才能快速生長。監(jiān)測葉綠素a含量可以了解目前水體中的藻類生物量，但這只代表歷史（如果營養(yǎng)鹽很低，即使當(dāng)前藻類生物量高，也不具備發(fā)生藻華的可能）；而監(jiān)測藻類的光合作用活性可以了解藻類的“生長潛能”，結(jié)合其它環(huán)境條件可以預(yù)測未來（富營養(yǎng)條件且高光高溫下，即使當(dāng)前藻類生物量不高，但只要光合作用活性強，就具有極大的發(fā)生藻華的可能）。
??? 由于PHYTO-PAM可以測量自然水樣中藍藻、綠藻和硅/甲藻各自的光合作用，就可以對藻華發(fā)生時不同藻類類群進行分析。利用PHYTO-PAM測量不同藻類葉綠素a含量和光合作用活性的功能，可以長期監(jiān)測自然水體中浮游植物種群生物量的動力學(xué)變化和不同類群光合作用潛力的變化趨勢，這對于藻華的預(yù)警具有重要參考價值。
??? 推薦閱讀：有害藻華（HABs）監(jiān)測/預(yù)警的新解決方案
PHYTO-PAM最常用的光合作用參數(shù)
??Fv/Fm，浮游植物的潛在最大光合效率（“生長潛能”）
??Y，給定光強下浮游植物的實際光合效率
??NPQ，浮游植物將過剩光能耗散為熱的能力，即光保護能力
??ETR，給定光強下浮游植物的實際光合速率
??ETRmax，浮游植物的潛在最大光合速率
??a，浮游植物對光強的利用能力
??Ik，浮游植物耐受強光的能力
??快速光曲線，結(jié)合水體光場可用于計算水體初級生產(chǎn)力
利用PHYTO-PAM對水體長期監(jiān)測的方法
??? 設(shè)計為大時間尺度，采樣頻率為每月一次，頻率越高越好。采樣時可設(shè)計多個樣點，每個樣點都分層采樣測量。這樣就可測量藍藻Chla、綠藻Chla、硅/甲藻Chla、總Chla、Fv/Fm、Ik、NPQ等的時間和空間動態(tài)變化，獲知三大類群的浮游植物生物量、“生長潛能”、耐受強光的能力、光保護能力等的時空動態(tài)變化，提前預(yù)判其變化趨勢，結(jié)合其它水質(zhì)氣象指標(biāo)，進行早期的藻華預(yù)警。
應(yīng)用實例一：太湖藍藻水華成因分析
2007年，太湖發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的藍藻水華，在國內(nèi)外引起廣泛關(guān)注。藍藻水華爆發(fā)的一個重要原因是周邊地區(qū)往太湖中排污過多，造成湖泊嚴(yán)重富營養(yǎng)化，在適宜的光照和溫度條件下藻類瘋長形成水華。但是太湖中的藻類不僅僅包括藍藻，也有綠藻、硅藻、甲藻等，為什么總是爆發(fā)藍藻水華，其它藻并不形成水華呢？中國科學(xué)院南京地理與湖泊研究所湖泊與環(huán)境國家重點實驗室科研人員利用可對自然水體中的藻類定性、定量并測量光合作用活性的浮游植物熒光儀PHYTO-PAM，探討了藍藻在太湖中爆發(fā)水華的原因。主要研究結(jié)果如下：光作為藻類生長的重要能量來源，浮游藻類光利用效率的不同對水體中浮游藻類初級生產(chǎn)力、群落組成以及種群演替具有重要影響。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)藍藻、綠藻、硅/甲藻三種具有不同的對光照和垂直混合的響應(yīng)策略，藍藻的強光耐受能力以及對過剩光能的耗散能力均超過其他兩種藻；同時藍藻主要聚集在表層到0.3 m的深度，而在此深度藻類具有更高的生長速率，綠藻和硅/甲藻則由于垂直混合和自身調(diào)節(jié)等作用的作用下，不具備藍藻這一優(yōu)勢，這可能是富營養(yǎng)化水體中藍藻占據(jù)優(yōu)勢的原因之一。（Zhang M, Kong FX, Wu X, Xing P. Different photochemical responses of phytoplankters from the large shallow Taihu Lake of subtropical China in relation to light and mixing. Hydrobiologia 2008, 603:267-278.
應(yīng)用實例二：微囊藻低溫弱光環(huán)境下過冬機理
經(jīng)常發(fā)生水華的微囊藻在冬天會沉降到底泥中進行越冬。底泥屬于低溫弱光環(huán)境，在這么苛刻的環(huán)境下微囊藻是怎么越冬的，目前了解的不多。中國科學(xué)院水生生物研究所淡水生態(tài)與生物技術(shù)國家重點實驗室科研人員利用人工培養(yǎng)的單細胞銅綠微囊藻、群體銅綠微囊藻和斯尾柵藻進行了低溫弱光環(huán)境下的耐受力和復(fù)壯實驗，其中光合作用活性的測量利用浮游植物熒光儀PHYTO-PAM進行。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過30天的低溫弱光環(huán)境處理后，柵藻的光合活力受到顯著抑制，而微囊藻僅受到輕微影響，且群體微囊藻細胞比單細胞微囊藻的耐受力更強。復(fù)壯培養(yǎng)后，柵藻的回復(fù)速度和生長潛力明顯低于微囊藻。這對于分析微囊藻的越冬機理和水華機理具有重要參考意義。（Wu Z, Song L, Li R. Different tolerances and responses to low temperature and darkness between waterbloom forming cyanobacterium Microcystis and a green alga Scenedesmus Hydrobiologia 2008, 596:47-55.）
選購指南
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● 基礎(chǔ)配置 |
系統(tǒng)I |
系統(tǒng)II |
系統(tǒng)III |
| 主機PHYTO-C |
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| 測量光LED陣列PHYTO-ML |
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| 光化光LED陣列PHYTO-AL |
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| 光電倍增管PM-101P |
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| 光學(xué)單元ED-101US/MP |
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| 工作臺ST-101 |
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| 激發(fā)-檢測單元PHYTO-ED |
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| 光纖型激發(fā)-檢測單元PHYTO-EDF |
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| 微型磁力攪拌器PHYTO-MS | |||
| 球狀微型光量子探頭US-SQS | |||
| 溫度控制器US-T | |||
| 攪拌器WATER-S |
主要技術(shù)參數(shù)
光化光：波長655 nm的LED；光化光強度0～2000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR（系統(tǒng)I和II）或0～1300 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR（系統(tǒng)III）。
飽和脈沖：波長655 nm的LED；飽和脈沖強度4000 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR（系統(tǒng)I和II）或2600 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR（系統(tǒng)III）。
信號檢測：光電倍增管，帶短波截止濾光片（λ>710 nm）；選擇性鎖相放大器。
測量參數(shù)：Ft, F(或Fo), Fm(或 Fm’), ΔF, Y(ΔF/ Fm’或Fv/Fm), ETR和Chl濃度等。
環(huán)境溫度：-5～＋45 ℃，已在極地成功應(yīng)用。
部分文獻
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2.???????????? Howeth JG, Leibold MA. Planktonic dispersal dampens temporal trophic cascades in pond metacommunities. Ecology Letters 2008, 11:245-257.
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7.???????????? Wu Z, Song L, Li R. Different tolerances and responses to low temperature and darkness between waterbloom forming cyanobacterium Microcystis and a green alga Scenedesmus Hydrobiologia 2008, 596:47-55.
8.???????????? Zhang M, Kong FX, Wu X, Xing P. Different photochemical responses of phytoplankters from the large shallow Taihu Lake of subtropical China in relation to light and mixing. Hydrobiologia 2008, 603:267-278.
9.???????????? 胡智泉, 劉永定, 肖波. 微囊藻毒素對幾種淡水微藻的生長和光合活性的影響. 生態(tài)環(huán)境 2008, 17:885-890.
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19.????????? Schmitt-Jansen M, Altenburger R. The use of pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorescence-based methods to evaluate effects of herbicides in microalgal systems of different complexity Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 2007, 89:665-681.
20.????????? Tang D, Shi S, Li D, Hu C, Liu Y. Physiological and biochemical responses of Scytonema javanicum (cyanobacterium) to salt stress Journal of Arid Environments 2007, 71:312-320.
21.????????? Xing W, Huang W-M, Li D-H, Liu Y-D. Effects of Iron on Growth, Pigment Content, Photosystem II Efficiency, and Siderophores Production of Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii Current Microbiology 2007, 55:94-98.
22.????????? Zhang M, Kong F, Xing P, Tan X. Effects of Interspecific Interactions between Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella pyrenoidosa on Their Growth and Physiology. International Review of Hydrobiology 2007, 92:281-290.
23.????????? 陳麗芬, 鄭鋒. 葉綠素?zé)晒饧夹g(shù)快速測定水體藻類生物量的應(yīng)用. 城鎮(zhèn)供水 2007:51-52.
24.????????? 張曼, 曾波. PhytoPAM浮游植物分析儀用于微藻光合作用研究中幾種參數(shù)設(shè)定的優(yōu)化. 植物生理學(xué)通訊 2007, 43:148-152.
25.????????? Ban A, Aikawa S, Hattori H, Sasaki H, Sampei M, Kudoh S, Fukuchi M, Satoh K, Kashino Y. Comparative analysis of photosynthetic properties in ice algae and phytoplankton inhabiting Franklin Bay, the Canadian Arctic, with those in mesophilic diatoms during CASES 03-04. Polar Biosciences 2006, 19:11-28.
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27.????????? Hilt S, Ghobrial MGN, Gross EM. In situ allelopathic potential of Myriophyllum verticillatum (Haloragaceae) against selected phytoplankton species. Journal of Phycology 2006, 42:1189-1198.
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30.????????? Mulderij G, Smolders AJP, van Donk E. Allelopathic effect of the aquatic macrophyte, Stratiotes aloides, on natural phytoplankton. Freshwater Biology 2006, 51:554-561.
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32.????????? Roessink I, Belgers JDM, Crum SJH, van den Brink PJ, Brock TCM. Impact of triphenyltin acetate in microcosms simulating floodplain lakes. II. Comparison of species sensitivity distributions between laboratory and semi-field. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2006:in press.
33.???????? Bontes BM, Pel R, Ibelings BW, Boschker HTS, Middelburg JJ, Donk Ev. The effects of biomanipulation on the biogeochemistry, carbon isotopic composition and pelagic food web relations of a shallow turf lake. Biogeosciences Discussions 2005, 2:997-1031.
34.????????? Casotti R, Mazza S, Brunet C, Vantrepotte V, Ianora A, Miralto A. Growth inhibition and toxicity of the diatom aldehyde 2-trans, 4-trans-decadienal on Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology 2005, 41:7-20.
35.????????? Fietz S, Blei? W, Hepperle D, Koppitz H, Krienitz L, Nicklisch A. First record of Nannochloropsis limnetica (Eustigmatophyceae) in the autotrophic picoplankton from lake Baikal. Journal of Phycology 2005, 41:780-790.
36.????????? Heraud P, Roberts S, Shelly K, Beardall J. Interations between UV-B exposure and phosphorus nutrition. II. Effects on rates of damage and repair. Journal of Phycology 2005, 41:1212-1218.
37.????????? Jakob T, Schreiber U, Kirchesch V, Langner U, Wilhelm C. Estimation of chlorophyll content and daily primary production of the major algal groups by means of multiwavelength-excitation PAM chlorophyll fluorometry: performance and methodological limits., Photosynthesis Research 2005, 83:343–361.
38.???????? Shelly K, Roberts S, Heraud P, Beardall J. Interactions between UV-B exposure and phosphorus nutrition. I. Effects on growth, phosphate uptake, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Journal of Phycology 2005, 41:1204-1211.
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