轉自“中關村NMT聯盟”
NMT作為生命科學底層核心技術，是建立活體創新科研平臺的必備技術。2005年~2020年，NMT已扎根中國15年。2020年，中國NMT銷往瑞士蘇黎世大學，正式打開歐洲市場。
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研究使用平臺：NMT中藥材生長生理創新科研平臺
期刊：Chemosphere
主題：生物炭介導微生物群落極其代謝特征
標題：Biochar mediates microbial communities and their metabolic characteristics under continuous monoculture
影響因子：5.108
檢測指標：NO3-、NH4+、Na+、Ca2+、H+流速
檢測樣品：太子參
NO3-流實驗處理方法：
0％、1％、3％（w/v）生物炭處理12小時
NO3-流實驗測試液成份：
0.1mM NaCl，0.1mM CaCl2，0.1 mM NH4NO3，pH 6.0
作者：福建農林大學林文雄、林生、吳紅淼
中文摘要（谷歌機翻）
生物炭改良劑已被廣泛用于改善植物性能并抑制單一栽培系統中的病害。然而，很少有研究集中在再植疾病的基本控制機制上。
在這項研究中，我們評估了生物炭在連續單培養系統中對pseudo菜植物生長，根際土壤微生物群落以及微生物生理特性的影響。我們發現生物炭的添加對假單胞菌組織培養的生理參數影響不大，但在不同連續單培養年的根際土壤中能顯著介導微生物的豐度，從而導致病原性尖孢鐮刀菌，Talaromyces helicus和科薩科尼亞糖精。
此外，生物炭改良劑對有益細菌的生長具有不利影響，例如，伯克霍爾德氏菌，綠假單胞菌和短小芽孢桿菌。代謝組學分析表明，生物炭在抑制菌絲體生長和減輕植物的毒力的同時，顯著影響了尖孢鐮刀菌的代謝過程。
總而言之，這項研究詳細說明了生物炭刺激的根際細菌和真菌的豐度和代謝變化，病原體含量減少以及植物生長環境條件改善的潛在機制。需要進一步的研究來評估生物炭在長期現場試驗中的作用。
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Steady state measurements of net fluxes in the meristematic zone of R. pseudostellariae under biochar treatment. CK, 1% biochar and 3% biochar represent the control with no biochar, 1% biochar and 3% biochar (w/v) added to the tissue culture media of R. psedostellariae for 12 h each, respectively. Data are mean ± standard deviation (n ? 5).
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?聯盟推薦抗疫產品之一：新冠肺炎干細胞治療NMT創新平臺
英文摘要
Biochar amendment has been extensively used to improve plant performance and suppress disease in monoculture systems; however, few studies have focused on the underlying control mechanisms of replanting disease.
In this study, we assessed the effects of biochar application on Radix pseudostellariae plant growth, rhizosphere soil microbial communities, and the physiological properties of microorganisms in a consecutive monoculture system. We found that biochar addition had little impact on the physiological parameters of tissue cultures of R. pseudostellaria but did significantly mediate microbial abundance in the rhizosphere soil of different consecutive monoculture years, leading to decreases in the abundance of pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, Talaromyces helicus, and Kosakonia sacchari.
Furthermore, biochar amendment had negative effects on the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Burkholderia ambifaria, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Bacillus pumilus. Metabolomic analysis indicated that biochar significantly influenced the metabolic processes of F. oxysporum while inhibiting the mycelial growth and abating the virulence on plants.
In summary, this study details the potential mechanisms responsible for the biochar-stimulated changes in the abundances and metabolism of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi, decreases in the contents of pathogens, and therefore improvements in the environmental conditions for plants growth. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of biochar in long-term field trials.
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