細胞培養課堂 | IL-34、M-CSF、CD200探究iPSC來源小膠質細胞培養核心關鍵-技術前沿-資訊-生物在線

細胞培養課堂 | IL-34、M-CSF、CD200探究iPSC來源小膠質細胞培養核心關鍵

作者:蘇州近岸蛋白質科技股份有限公司 2026-04-17T00:00 (訪問量:10433)

小膠質細胞(microglia)是中樞神經系統的常駐免疫細胞,占腦內膠質細胞總數的5%–20%,自被神經科學家首次描述以來,其核心功能逐漸被解鎖。它可持續伸展突起監視微環境,是腦內穩態維持、損傷修復、神經發育的關鍵角色[1]。

小膠質細胞功能描述[2]

生理狀態下,小膠質細胞負責清除凋亡神經元、錯誤折疊蛋白和細胞碎片,參與突觸修剪以塑造神經環路;病理狀態下,它會快速響應炎癥、感染或損傷,通過分泌細胞因子、趨化因子等調控免疫反應,既可以發揮神經保護作用,過度活化也可能誘發神經炎癥,推動阿爾茨海默?。ˋD)、帕金森病(PD)等疾病進展[1]

此前,小膠質細胞研究多依賴原代培養,但原代細胞來源稀缺、體外培養難度大,且難以模擬人體病理狀態下的細胞表型,限制了神經科研的推進[3]。而iPSC技術的興起,為小膠質細胞的體外標準化培養提供了全新解決方案,iPSC誘導小膠質細胞(iPSC-MG)的研究也逐漸深入并向臨床靠近。

 

iPSC-MG研究進展

在技術優化與模型構建上,Stanton KC等首次將iPSC來源的小膠質細胞與神經元、星形膠質細胞等六類細胞,整合到3D水凝膠構建“迷你人腦”模型,具備成熟血腦屏障和免疫功能,解決傳統類器官細胞類型不全、缺氧壞死的痛點,是目前最貼近真實人腦微環境的體外模型,可用于神經疾病機制的精準研究[4]。

Liu S, et al篩選出6種轉錄因子組合,無需feeder細胞,4天內即可將人iPSC高效誘導為功能成熟的小膠質細胞,大幅縮短誘導周期(傳統方案2-4周),轉錄組特征與原代小膠質細胞高度匹配,顯著提升誘導標準化程度,適合高通量實驗[5]

在應用與轉化研究上,Chadarevian et al等人通過基因編輯改造iPSC誘導的小膠質細胞,實現治療性蛋白在中樞神經系統的廣泛遞送,同時可用于AD等神經退行性疾病的藥物篩選和細胞治療探索,為臨床轉化提供關鍵依據[6]

斯坦福大學團隊開發無需骨髓消融的iPSC來源小膠質細胞替換療法,在Sandhoff?。ㄈ苊阁w貯積癥)小鼠模型中驗證有效,將小鼠壽命延長近一倍,證實iPSC誘導小膠質細胞在神經疾病細胞治療中的可行性,避免傳統骨髓移植的嚴重副作用,為“現貨型”腦疾病療法提供新方向[7]。

iPSC誘導小膠質細胞示意圖[8]

 

iPSC-MG核心調控因子

IL-34(白細胞介素-34):核心誘導與成熟

與CSF-1R(M-CSFR)結合,是小膠質細胞分化、存活與功能成熟的關鍵因子,能增強小膠質細胞的吞噬功能和炎癥響應能力[5]。在iPSC誘導體系中,IL-34可促進造血祖細胞向小膠質細胞譜系分化,維持成熟小膠質細胞的表型(如Iba1、CD11b陽性)[9][10]。

M-CSF(巨噬細胞集落刺激因子):協同誘導

與IL-34共享CSF-1R受體,協同IL-34調控iPSC向小膠質細胞分化,促進造血祖細胞增殖,為小膠質細胞的分化提供基礎[10]。

TGF-β1(轉化生長因子β1):表型維持

調控小膠質細胞的表型成熟,抑制其向巨噬細胞樣表型轉化[10]。在iPSC誘導體系中,TGF-β1可增強小膠質細胞突觸修剪和吞噬功能,確保誘導出的小膠質細胞更貼近體內生理狀態[9][10]。

CD200&CX3CL1:協同誘導,靜息調控

CD200通過與小膠質細胞表面CD200R1結合,抑制過度炎癥活化、促進細胞成熟,維持iPSC來源小膠質細胞的生理表型,同時提升細胞吞噬功能和突觸修剪能力,解決誘導過程中小膠質細胞活化異常、功能紊亂的痛點,適配神經退行性疾病模型構建[11]。

CX3CL1通過與小膠質細胞表面CX3CR1特異性結合,雙向調控細胞分化與功能——誘導階段可促進iPSC來源造血祖細胞向小膠質細胞譜系定向分化;成熟階段可調控細胞遷移能力,維持小膠質細胞的靜息態表型,抑制過度炎癥活化,同時增強其吞噬Aβ蛋白和突觸修剪的功能,適配神經退行性疾病和神經炎癥模型構建[12]。

 

近岸蛋白可提供iPSC誘導小膠質細胞過程中用到的一系列細胞因子,包括IL-34、TGF-β1、M-CSF、CD200、CX3CL1等,以及iPSC擴增培養常用Vitronectin、Laminin521、Laminin511等基質蛋白,高活性,高穩定性,高批間一致性,助力高效穩定的小膠質細胞研究!

 

小膠質細胞培養—

近岸蛋白細胞因子引用文獻(部分):

  1. Coburn, Morgan A et al. “Human microglia differentially respond to β-amyloid, tau, and combined Alzheimer's disease pathologies in vivo.” Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association vol. 21,11 (2025): e70930.CD200(Cat. No.:C311,100 ng/mL).

  2. Lish, Alexandra M et al. “Astrocyte induction of disease-associated microglia is suppressed by acute exposure to fAD neurons in human iPSC triple cultures.” Cell reports vol. 44,6 (2025): 115777. CD200(Cat. No.:C311,100 ng/mL).

  3. Iyer, Abhirami K et al. “Cell autonomous microglia defects in a stem cell model of frontotemporal dementia tau.” Molecular psychiatry vol. 30,10 (2025): 4776-4791.CD200(Cat. No.:C311,100 ng/mL).

  4. Gao, Mei-Ling et al. “Retinal Organoid Microenvironment Enhanced Bioactivities of Microglia-Like Cells Derived From HiPSCs.” Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol. 65,12 (2024): 19.IL-3(Cat. No.:CX90,25 ng/mL ),M-CSF(Cat. No.:C417,25 ng/mL)

  5. Guan, Xin et al. “Microglial CMPK2 promotes neuroinflammation and brain injury after ischemic stroke.” Cell reports. Medicine vol. 5,5 (2024): 101522. doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101522.M-CSF(Cat. No.:CB34).

  6. Wang, Zhijie et al. “Clock Gene Nr1d1 Alleviates Retinal Inflammation Through Repression of Hmga2 in Microglia.” Journal of inflammation research vol. 14 5901-5918. 11 Nov. 2021, doi:10.2147/JIR.S326091.M-CSF(Cat. No.:CB34,10 ng/mL).

  7. Yu, Shui-Sheng et al. “M1-type microglia can induce astrocytes to deposit chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan after spinal cord injury.” Neural regeneration research vol. 17,5 (2022): 1072-1079. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.324858.TGF-β1(Cat. No.:CK33,100 pg/mL).

數據展示

Recombinant Human IL-34 (Low Endotoxin,0.01EU/ug)

Recombinant Human IL-34 (C-6His, Low Endotoxin)(Cat.No.:C51R) at 2 μg/ml (100 μl/well) can bind Recombinant Human M-CSF R (C-Fc)(Cat.No.:CS42).The ED50 of Recombinant Human M-CSF R (C-Fc)(Cat.No.:CS42) is 6.22 ng/ml.

 

Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1(引用文獻147篇)

Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of TF?1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is 4-40 pg/ml.

 

Recombinant Human M-CSF (引用文獻32篇)

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using M-NFS-60 mouse lymphoblast cells.The ED50 for this effect is 2-10 ng/mL.

小膠質細胞培養相關產品

目錄號

產品名稱

C51R

Recombinant Human IL-34

C417

Recombinant Human M-CSF 

CB34

Recombinant Mouse M-CSF 

C311

Recombinant Human CD200 

CA59

Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1

CK33

Recombinant Mouse/Rat TGF-beta 1

C461

Recombinant Human CX3CL1

CI38

Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1 

 

參考文獻

[1]Brüll M, et al. Differential Responses of Human iPSC-Derived Microglia to Stimulation with Diverse Inflammogens. Cells. 2025;14(21):1687. DOI: 10.3390/cells14211687.

[2]Silvin, Aymeric, and Florent Ginhoux. “Microglia heterogeneity along a spatio-temporal axis: More questions than answers.” Glia vol. 66,10 (2018): 2045-2057. doi:10.1002/glia.23458.

[3]Hasselmann J, et al. Human iPSC-derived microglia: A growing toolset to study the brain’s innate immune cells. Glia. 2020;68(4):721–739. PMID: 31926038; DOI: 10.1002/glia.23781.

[4]Stanton KC, Sano T, Ma M, et al. Engineered 3D immuno-glial-neurovascular human miBrain model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 2025, 122(4): e2311455122. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311455122.

[5]Liu, Songlei et al. “Iterative transcription factor screening enables rapid generation of microglia-like cells from human iPSC.” Nature communications vol. 16,1 5136. 10 Jun. 2025, doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59596-3.

[6]Chadarevian et al. Harnessing human iPSC-microglia for CNS-wide delivery of disease-modifying proteins. Cell Stem Cell. 2025;32(6):914–934. DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2025.04.008.

[7]Mader, Marius Marc-Daniel et al. “Therapeutic genetic restoration through allogeneic brain microglia replacement.” Nature vol. 646,8086 (2025): 903-912. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09461-6.

[8]Rai, Mohammad A et al. “Comparative analysis of human microglial models for studies of HIV replication and pathogenesis.” Retrovirology vol. 17,1 35. 19 Nov. 2020, doi:10.1186/s12977-020-00544-y.

[9]Lehoux M, et al. The Generation and Functional Characterization of Human Microglia-Like Cells Derived from iPS and Embryonic Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol. 2023;PMID: 37300767; DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3287-1_6.

[10] Hasselmann, Jonathan, and Mathew Blurton-Jones. “Human iPSC-derived microglia: A growing toolset to study the brain's innate immune cells.” Glia vol. 68,4 (2020): 721-739. doi:10.1002/glia.23781.

[11]Song J, et al. CD200 regulates the maturation and functional homeostasis of iPSC-derived microglia via CD200R1 signaling. Stem Cell Research & Therapy. 2024;15(1):128. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03521-9.

[12]Wang L, et al. CX3CL1 supplementation improves the functional fidelity of iPSC-derived microglia in a 3D brain organoid model. Stem Cells and Development. 2023;32(15):987–1000. PMID: 37472892; DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0052.

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